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Eduard Elyan was born on August, 20th, 1926 in city Baku (Azerbaijan). In 1944 he finished the Sverdlovsk special school of the Air Forces and entered the army. He became a pilot-instructor.
in 1951 and in 1953 graduated from the Test Pilot school. From June 1953 till March 1958 he was employed on flight test work in LII. In 1958-1960 he was a test pilot at OKB Sukhoi.
Between 1960-1982 he was test pilot with OKB Tupolev, making the first flight of the TU-144 and participating in flight tests of the TU-22 and other types. He participated in tests of aviation survival suits.
He was made a Colonel in 1967 and a hero of Soviet Union in 1971. Awarded Nagrazhden Lenin's awards, the Red Banner, the Red Star, medals and the Tissande Diploma from the FAI in 1969.